Fitness Components
"Physical Fitness, a complex factor, is the ability of any individual to perform his daily tasks with ease and undue fatigue comparatively at faster rate."
The sports performance depends largely on physical fitness, that is strength, speed, endurance, flexibility and various coordinative abilities. Sports activity is physical activity, which is not possible without these motor abilities. Therefore the improvement of physical fitness or motor abilities is the principal aim of sports training. The process of improvement of motor abilities is also called conditioning. Improvement of physical fitness also includes the improvement of general health and organic functions as well as increasing the strength and stability of the musculo skeletal system. The physical fitness can be differentiated into general and specific physical fitness. Each sports activity demands different types and levels of different motor abilities and when a sports man possesses these, he is said to have the specific physical fitness. General physical fitness is the level of various motor abilities, regardless of any sport, which the sportsman possesses. The contribution of general physical fitness towards sports performance is indirect. But it should never be overlooked that specific physical fitness depends largely on the general physical fitness.
Physical Fitness is a complex factor that includes in itself the following components.
Speed
It is the ability to cover a distance with the shortest possible time. The leg cadence and posture of movement decides this ability.
Strength
The ability to lift, carry and hold weights for a long time
Back Strength
Leg Strength
Grip Strength
Power
The ability to exert spurt of energy within a shortest possible moment to perform a task like jumping, throwing etc., is power.
Endurance
The ability to perform a task continuously for long time with the same amount of energy and efficiency like long distance running is endurance.
a. Muscular Endurance
b. Cardiovascular Endurance
Agility
The ability to start suddenly, to stop suddenly and change direction while on the move or in the air is called agility.
General Motor Ability
Combination of all the above qualities while performing a complex movement including the height, weigh and age is general motor ability.
Size
Maturity
Power
Motor Educability
Large Muscle Speed
Balance
The ability to keep the body position intact while on the move or in stationary position is balance
a. Static Balance
b. Dynamic Balance
Kinesthetic Perception
The sense of knowing the bearing after a complex acrobatics or aerobatics activity is kinesthetic perception.
Flexibility
The ability to move the various parts of the body at the desired time in the preferred direction without difficulty
Rhythm and Dance Movement
The ability to keep pace with the beats and music and move gracefully is rhythm and dance.
Reaction Time
The ability to respond to the stimulus in the shortest possible time like applying break in a car after seeing an obstacle or to start in a race after the gunshot.
Posture
The ability to keep the body straight and smart while sitting and walking is good posture.
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